This is an excellent diagram illustrating the terminology and components of a typical residential deck. It shows an exploded view, making it easy to identify and understand the function of each part.
Here’s a detailed description of the labeled components:
* Decking: These are the horizontal boards that form the walking surface of the deck. They are shown with “1/8″ gaps” which are crucial for drainage and to allow for expansion and contraction of the wood.
* Joist: These are the horizontal framing members that support the decking. They run perpendicular to the ledger and beams.
* Rim Joist: These are joists that run along the perimeter of the deck, perpendicular to the main joists. They cap the ends of the joists and provide a finished edge to the deck frame. There are two shown: one on the long edge and one on the short end of the deck.
* Ledger: This is a heavy board or beam that is securely attached directly to the house’s band joist or foundation. It supports one end of the deck joists, effectively connecting the deck to the house.
* Joist Hanger: Metal connectors that secure the joists to the ledger or to beams. They provide strong, direct support for the joists.
* Bridging: Also known as blocking or cross-bracing, these are short pieces of lumber installed between joists to prevent them from twisting or bowing, increasing the rigidity and stability of the deck frame.
* Beam: These are larger, heavier horizontal members that support the joists. They run perpendicular to the joists and are themselves supported by posts.
* Post: These are vertical structural supports that carry the weight of the beams and, consequently, the entire deck.
* Concrete Footing: The concrete bases set in the ground that support the posts. They distribute the deck’s weight over a larger area to prevent settling and provide stability.
* Post Anchor: Metal connectors that secure the posts to the concrete footings, typically raising the wood off the concrete to prevent rot from moisture.
Staircase Components:
* Stringer: The angled, notched structural members that support the treads and risers of the stairs.
* Tread: The horizontal surface of each step that you walk on.
* Riser: The vertical board between each tread (though often left open in outdoor decks, this diagram shows a closed riser).
Railing Components:
* Rail Post: Vertical posts that support the railing system, anchored to the deck frame.
* Bottom Rail: The horizontal rail at the bottom of the balusters.
* Baluster: The vertical pickets or spindles that fill the space between the top and bottom rails, providing safety and preventing falls.
* Top Rail: The horizontal rail at the top of the balusters.
* Cap Rail: An optional, wider, flat board installed on top of the top rail, providing a finished look and a comfortable surface to rest your hand.
In summary, this diagram is an excellent visual guide for anyone looking to understand the fundamental structural and aesthetic components of a standard outdoor wooden deck.
